US$15 million, plus $25 million each for conversionDeveloped fromThe General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven is an designed to replace the in the. Its crews and maintainers often called it the 'Spark-Vark', a play on the F-111's 'Aardvark' nickname.The USAF contracted with in 1974 to convert some existing into / (ECM) aircraft. The USAF had considered the /, but desired a penetrating aircraft with supersonic speed.The EF-111 entered service in 1983 and served until its retirement in 1998. Afterwards, the Air Force began depending on Navy and Marine Corps EA-6Bs for electronic warfare support. Contents.Design and development In the late 1960s, the U.S.

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Air Force sought to replace its aging and aircraft. The Air Force studied the use of Navy during 1967–1968. However, the Air Force desired a penetrating electronic jamming aircraft with supersonic speed, and, in 1972, decided to modify F-111As into electronic warfare aircraft as a cost effective option.In January 1974, the Air Force awarded electronic warfare study contracts to. Grumman was selected as the EF-111 prime contractor in December 1974, then was awarded a contract to modify two F-111As into EF-111 prototypes in January 1975. The first fully equipped model, known then as the 'Electric Fox', flew on 10 March 1977.

A total of 42 airframes were converted at a total cost of US$1.5 billion. The first EF-111s were deployed in November 1981 to the 388th Tactical Electronic Squadron, Mountain Home AFB, Idaho. The last was delivered in 1985. An EF-111A Raven in the foreground with a tail-mounted receiving pod and an underside-mounted transmitting pod, accompanied by an F-111FThe Raven retained the F-111A's navigation systems, with a revised AN/APQ-160 radar primarily for ground mapping. The primary feature of the Raven, however, was the E jamming system, developed from the Navy's ALQ-99 on the Prowler.

The aircraft also utilized the ALR-62 Countermeasures Receiving System (CRS) as a Radar Homing and Warning (RHAW) System, the same system carried by all F-111 fighter/bomber models in the United States and Australia. The ALQ-99E primary electronics were installed in the weapons bay, with transmitters fitted in a 16 feet (4.9 m) long ventral 'canoe'; the complete installation weighed some 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg).

Receivers were installed in a fin-tip pod, or 'football', similar to that of the EA-6B. The aircraft's electrical and cooling systems had to be extensively upgraded to support this equipment. The cockpit was also rearranged, with all flight and navigation displays relocated to the pilot's side, and flight controls except throttles being removed from the other seat, where the electronic warfare officer's instrumentation and controls were installed.The EF-111 was unarmed.

Its speed and acceleration were its main means of self-defense. It was not capable of firing in the (SEAD) role, which was a tactical limitation. The Raven's engines were upgraded to the more powerful TF30-P-9 of the D-model, with 12,000 pounds-force (53 kN) dry and 19,600 lbf (87 kN) afterburning thrust in 1986. From 1987 to 1994 the 'Spark 'Vark' underwent an Avionics Modernization Program (AMP), similar to the Pacer Strike program for the F-model.

This added a dual AN/ASN-41 INS, AN/APN-218 Doppler radar, and an updated AN/APQ-146 terrain-following radar. Cockpit displays were upgraded with multi-function displays.Operational history. An EF-111 flies over the duringThe EF-111A achieved initial operational capability in 1983. The EF-111A received the official popular name Raven, although in service it acquired the nickname 'Spark 'Vark'.

EF-111s first saw combat use with the at during against Libya in 1986, and in Panama during late 1989.The Raven served in the during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. On 17 January 1991, a USAF EF-111 crew of Captain James Denton and Captain achieved an unofficial kill against an, which they managed to maneuver into the ground, making it the only member of the F-111/FB-111/EF-111 family to achieve an aerial victory over another aircraft.

However, a recent article has cast doubt on this as the only Iraqi Mirage F1 in the air that night returned safely to base and its pilot reported that he shot down the EF-111. No Coalition aircraft were lost to a radar-guided missile during Desert Storm while an EF-111 Raven was on station.On 13 February 1991, EF-111A, AF Ser. 66-0023, call sign Ratchet 75, crashed into terrain while maneuvering to evade a missile fired by an enemy fighter killing the pilot, Capt Douglas L. Bradt, and the EWO, Capt Paul R.

It was the only EF-111A lost during combat, the only loss killing its crew, and one of just three EF-111s lost in its history. Later action EF-111s were deployed to, Italy in support of during the mid-1990s. The Raven also flew missions in, and.The last deployment of the Raven was a detachment of EF-111s stationed at / in until April 1998. Shortly afterward, the USAF began withdrawing the final EF-111As from service, and placed them in storage at the (AMARC) at, Arizona. The last EF-111s were retired on 2 May 1998, at Cannon AFB, New Mexico.

These were the final USAF F-111s in service.provided electronic warfare for the U.S. Air Force , Navy, and Marine Corps. Variants EF-111A Electronic warfare conversion of the F-111A, 42 conversions including two prototypes. Operators 19–98.

Igo speedcam usa download chart for girls. Weather (in built option) no external app.5. TTS PRO works including reading ROAD SIGNS4.

–,(1984–1992). –,(1992–1998) (1992–1993). –,(1981–1982) (1982–1992) Aircraft on display. EF-111, s/n 66-0057, on display at the inOf the 42 converted aircraft, 3 were destroyed in crashes, 4 are on display, and the rest were scrapped. 66-0016 is on display at,.

It was the first EF-111 to fly a combat mission and was unofficially credited with the Mirage F1 kill. 66-0047 is currently being restored at Silver Springs Municipal Airport in Silver Springs, Nevada. 66-0049 was the first prototype EF-111 and is on display at,. 66-0057 is on display at the in at in.Specifications (EF-111A). ^ GlobalSecurity.org, 27 April 2005. Retrieved:1 April 2009.

^ Thornborough and Davies 1989, p. 85. ^ Gunston 1983, p. 55. ^ Logan 1998, p.

Federation of American Scientists. 24 December 1998. Retrieved 15 August 2014.

Logan 1998, pp. 17, 92, 303. ^ Baugher, Joe. USAAC/USAAF/USAF Fighters, 20 December 1999. Gunston 1983, p.

59. 15 June 2011 at the. US Air Force. ^ Logan 1998, pp. September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.

January 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012. 'ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 153060'. Aviation Safety Net.

Missing or empty url=. Mailes, Yancy (2007). Mountain Home Air Force Base. Chicago: Arcadia Publishing. P. 112. F-111.net, 26 February 2005. Retrieved: 4 September 2012.

28 November 2010 at the orbat.com. Retrieved: 9 December 2010.

F-111.net, 26 February 2005. Retrieved: 23 November 2013., Scrapped HVF West, Tucson, AZ, Retrieved 10 Feb 2014. Logan 1998, pp. 90, 93. 23 February 2014 at the – 'EF-111 aircraft will be moved to the triangular, grassy area at the entrance of Joe Cannon Estates'. Retrieved 10 Feb 2014.

3 September 2013 at the. Cactus Air Force. Retrieved 10 Feb 2014. National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 29 August 2015. Sweetman, Bill. The Great Book of Modern Warplanes.

New York: Portland House, 1987. Miller 1982, p. 66. Gunston 1983, p.

64. ^ Laur, Colonel Timothy M. And Steven L. Encyclopedia of Modern U.S. Military Weapons New York: Berkley, 1995. GlobalSecurity.org, 27 April 2005. Retrieved: 1 April 2009.Bibliography.

Eden, Paul, ed. 'General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven'. Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London: Amber Books, 2004.

Eg Aircraft Raven Manuals Download

F-111, Modern Fighting Aircraft, Vol. New York: Salamander Books, 1983. Logan, Don. General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark.

Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, 1998. Miller, Jay. General Dynamics F-111 'Arardvark'. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1982.

Thornborough, Anthony M. F-111 Success in Action. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1989.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. –.